Bengali/Indian Race Vs Aryan Race

Bengali/Indian Race Vs Aryan Race

By Dr. K.K. Debnath (drkkdebnath@gmail.com)

Abstract:

In this article an attempt has been made to find out who are Indians and in particular Bengalis? Are they outsiders and descendents of certain Aryan Rishis?  Who are Aryans?

The author has only tried to compile the opinions and findings of modern historians and researchers. Based on these findings, an analytical study has been made and co-relation has been established among all the various issues pertaining to Indian/Bengali race.

Introduction: The history of a society or a community of people at a certain place is identified by the general features of the people, their language, religion, culture and its social and political system. This cannot be identified in isolation by language only or by religion only or by its culture independently. Therefore, the history of India will remain incomplete, if certain conclusion is made based on certain issue independently. Hence, all the issues as stated above (viz. Location of the place, feature of the people Language, culture, religion, social system, political system, food habits etc) are necessary to be studied and analyzed together to arrive at a certain inference.

If the outcomes of an analysis on all, the issues are found to be different, contrary on many accounts and no definite conclusion can be made.  In case, some issues converge and some diverges, the conclusion becomes contradictory. But if the result of analysis of all the issue converges to a certain point logically, then the outcome becomes conclusive.

Keeping these points in mind, a study has been made on the history of India/Bengal from the ancient period to Islamic period. All these issues have been described and analyzed in this article. The study has been made based on various historical information and records as described by prominent historians, researchers and other intellectuals.

In this article, author has not brought out any new findings. The author has only tried to compile the opinions and findings of modern historians and researchers. Based on these findings an analytical study has been made and co-relation has been established among all the various issues pertaining to Indian/Bengali civilization

Present Popular Theory: Various historical elaboration and indications in script and archival evidences point to some startling revelations about the original inhabitants of Bengal and their status in the then distinctive social community status. These references colossally indicate that the original inhabitants of India/Bengal belonged to Kol, Sabar, Hari, Dom, Pulind, and Chandal tribe who were addressed en masse as Dravidians. This clan of Dravidians in the larger division of the then Community based caste system was recognized or rather positioned in the lower stratum of the society or commonly inferred as low caste. Present day they all belong to schedule caste category as per the Laws of Hinduism.

Taking further cue from the subject, the documented archives mention about the other mass that attribute themselves to the higher caste, referred as the descendent of Noble Aryans, who migrated around 15th century BC from Central Asia to India. The corroboration of this facts are further impressed upon, if one connects it through ancient practices or birth legacies such as Gotra, where Clan/lineages are attached with birth of a person that identifies the descendence of a person, since time immemorial .In the subject under discussion above, the Gotras clearly link certain race/clan of people to the Aryan Sage, on whose name the Gotras are defined.

From the beginning of our childhood, we were told and studied that Indians were of Aryan origin and we were taught to believe the above theory. We were also taught to believe that our ancestors' i.e. Aryans were a great noble race, who migrated to India from central Asia. The archival scripts trace the origin of the north Indians language including Hindi/Bengali which they affirm as derivative of Aryan Language Samaskrita, supporting the basis of origin as proclaimed above

While some historians are of the opinion that they actually migrated from Caucasian region around Danube River via Northwest frontier country like, Iran and Afghanistan. Their initial settlement in India was around Sindhu river valley. This migration and settlements took place around 1500 BC.

These Aryans were not believers of idol worship and used to invoke various Gods through yagnas. Their religion was known as Vedic religion and the society was administered by the scriptures (Smrities) of Vedas.                                                            

Physically they were very fair, tall and of good features. Their males were very handsome and female were extremely beautiful. Their Language was Deva-Bhasha Samaskrita and the Script was Deva-Nagari script.

It narrate further that the high caste Indians are referred to a different race from the aboriginal inhabitants of India. The document teaches that they are mixed race of Aryan male and Non-Aryan or aboriginal Indian Dravidian female. These high caste people use “Gotra”, which identifies their original ancestor. Out of the many Gotras in vogue, the pravara is found only seven. The pravara is nothing but the name of Rishi (origin). These seven Rishis are of Aryan stock, and entire Indian populations of higher caste are the descendent of them, through non-Aryan females.

These were some of the important points we were taught to believe from our child hood days.

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Who are Aryans?

The credit to bring the race “Aryan” in to history of civilization of mankind goes to Prof. Max Mauler. A German by blood, he was appointed as professor to teach the English officers, who were to be posted to India, during Christian rule of Europeans in India.

Until 18^th century AD, Europeans were of the belief that the origin of entire European civilization was Greece. However, during 18^th century it was proved by historians that Greece was originally a colony of “Blacks”. This gave a very big blow to their belief on the origin of their civilization.

This discovery was not easily palpable for admission by Europeans, as they never dreamt that Greece was a colony of Blacks. This forced them to find out a suitable theory to trace their origin.

Finally, Prof Max Mauler came out with the theory that Central Asia was the inhabitant of Aryans. While migrating from there, one group came towards India, while other groups migrated to Europe, through Iran and Arabian countries and the pure Aryan settled at German and Nordic countries. During this migration they killed the entire population of the countries, through which the moved. Thus the entire populations of blacks in those countries were perished.

When Prof. Maxmular was asked; who are original Aryans are? And his reply was “we the Nordic Aryans”. This theory also instigated the feelings of Hitler of Germany, which motivated him to establish the Aryan rule throughout the world. The present nemeses are that they were very cruel, and known as the destroyer of civilization. They are also termed as Barbarian.

It is well known that Egyptian civilization is the oldest civilization. The Egyptians used to call these new emigrants as Aryans. In course of time, some of them became the followers of Sun God like Egyptians, they became to be known as “Sun Aryans” and later on only as “Su Arian” and finally as “Saurian”. The others were used to be called as “Assyrians”. The place of their settlements became to be known as “Asia”. In course of time the entire land mass including east of their settlement (present Arabian/Iranian countries) also were known as “Asia”.

The same way “Hindustan” or “India” was defined. The original Hindustan is present Pakistan and part of Afghanistan (Sara Swat river Valley). However, the entire land mass east of original Hindustan was also named as “Hindustan”.

 Exactly the same way, the ancient “Bengal/Banga Desha” was defined. The original Bengal started from Dwar Banga/Mithila, Dwar Banga means gate way of Bangadesha and thus entire plane land mass at the east of Mithila was named as Bengal. The ancient Jain Literature says “there was a city by name Mithila of Banga Desha, where Lord Nemi Nath (22^nd Tirthamkar of Jains) was born”.

Let us look at the theory of Max Mauler of language of Sanskrit. According to him, Sanskrit is the mother of all language of Indian Language. All the words of other languages are a derivative of Sanskrit words.

 Therefore, Krishna became Kanha and finally to Kanai.Chandra became Chanda and finally to Chand. Hasta become Hattha and finally become Haath.        

Now let us use the same methodology of Prof. Max Mauler with the word “Aryan”.

The word “Aryana” came from “Aryan”, Aryana was the ancient name of Afghanistan. Others are shown bellow:

Aryan >> Airan >> Iran (present Iran),

Aryan >> Airan >> Airav >> Arab,

Aryan >> Airan >> Airav >> Airaq >> Iraq,

Aryan >> Airav >> Airap >> Airop >> Airope >> Europe and

Sun Arian >> Su nArya >> Su arya >> Souria >> Syria etc.

Iranian Kings used to call themselves as “Aryan’.

These Aryans used to call the mountain which divides their place of settlements with further eastern countries as “Sindhu Kush Mountain” and the great river that flows in the valley was named as “Sindhu River”. And the people were called as “Sindhu”. Their society was male dominated and the mightiness of the river Sindhu made it named as Male River. However, The Iranians of later date were pronouncing Sindhu as Hindu, so all  names were pronounced as “Hindu Kush Mountain”, “Hindu  River”, “Hindustan”,” Hindu Bag” etc. All these are now part of present Pakistan.

From the above, it is clear that Hindustan could not become “Aryastan”, due to the obvious reason of inconsistency/discontinuity in naming.

Historical Facts

I) Invasions from Outside:

As far as Indian history is concerned, the North West part of Hindustan (Punjab area) was a province of Iranian Kingdom from 558 BC.

The north western part of India (Punjab and further western part) was a part of Iran and was ruled by various Iranian kings; e.g. Cyrus (Kurush, 558 BC to 530 BC; Cambyses I (Kaambujiya I), Cyrus II (Kurush II), Cambyses II (Kaambujiya II)  from 530 BC to 522 BC; Darius I (Daaraayavaush) from 522 BC to 486 BC; Xerxes (Khshayaarshaa) from 486 BC to 465 BC,  and  at last under Darius  III Kondomannos,  until the fall of Iranian empire due to  invasion of Greek King Alexander.

Greek occupied the area by 326 BC and ruled up to 321 BC and thereafter these areas were ruled by Mouryas from 321 BC from Magadha.

Later on, the area consisting of Afghanistan and Punjab were ruled by Bacterian (Balkan area) Greeks, Sakas, Scythians, Parthians, Pallavas, Kushans (Mongols/Tartars) , Huns (Mongols), Shahiyas/Sahis (Afghanis), etc. These people used to claim that they were the rulers of Ariana (Afghanistan and adjoin parts of Iran, Uzbekistan etc)) and Hindustan. All these people settled at Ariana and Hindustan but Hindustan was separately mentioned.

In due course they all embraced Buddhism and assimilated with the local/previous settlers leaving their Aryan Faith (what is that???).

At a later date, Hindustan was invaded by the next generation people from central Asian countries and other Asian countries of Aryan settlements, but this time the religion of those Aryans became Islam. Thus the North West part of Hindustan was ruled by Aryans from 558 BC until the arrival of Aryans from Europe, having Christian faith. And the same continued up to 14^th August, 1947, except periods of Mouryas and Guptas of Pataliputra.

II) Migrations of outsiders

When a group of people peacefully come and get settled in another country, the situation becomes different, as can be seen form following facts.

The Jews had migrated to India during 1^st century AD at Cochin, Kerala; but so far one can hardly find a mixed blood of Keralite mother and Jews father. The religion of Jews is Judaism, and neither have they embraced Islam nor any Indian religion in spite of living in India for more than 2000 yrs.

The Persians/Iranians migrated to India during 5^th century AD, and now they are spread all over India. They are known as Parsi. Even today they are living in India as a separate community with their religion as Parsi. They have neither converted nor embraced Islam nor any Indian religion, even though they are living in India for more than 1500 years.

 When such is the case, is it believable that an Aryan boy, who was fair and handsome, would marry a dark complexioned Dravidian girl?

All the above are established facts and prove beyond doubt that it would not have been easy to change the blood and faith of Indians, contrary to what Max Mauler had advocated.

Even today, the discrimination in South Africa between Blacks and Whites are noticeable. The same features are seen in United States of America, the most liberal country in the World.

Further to this, if we look at Indian society, we find a word by name “GOTRAM”. All the people of higher caste will have some Gotra (lineage). Gotra is identification, that the person is a descendent of that particular Rishi. Marriage is also prohibited in the same Gotra, as in such case bride and grooms are treated as brother and sister, because they both are the descendent of same person. There are various Gotras available; however pravara or origin is from seven Risis. They are honored as “Saptarshi”.

If there were Aryan settlements in Hindustan by marriage, then there would be many more Aryans, they must be in more than thousands. Besides this, where are the descendents of those Aryan kings and other common Aryans?

Next, these seven Rishis were great sages, and greatest intellectuals of their time. Hence, they would have concentrated on the development of policies for the society and other spiritual activities.

Did they travel all over Hindustan to create their descendents instead of intellectual work and every family offered their womenfolk for this purpose? Is it believable? It should be treated as a sin, if we even dream of it; because it can not be true as they are our greatest intellectuals and people of Hindustan are being guided even today through their great thoughts.

Under such circumstances, how it is possible?  Do the Gotra system was used for different purpose?

 III) Vedic Cultural centers in India:

In Vedic society, Brahmins occupy the highest position in the social structure from the Vedic era. The Brahmins are classified under five categories according to their place of origins. These five categories are Utkal Brahmins, Goudia Brahmins, Maithili Brahmins, Kanauji Brahmins and Sara Swat Brahmins. The places of domicile of these Brahmins were at Puri, located at Orissa (eastern India); Gouda/Gouda, ancient capital of Bangadesha (eastern India); Mithila of ancient Banga desh (presently in Bihar, eastern India); Kanauj between Allahabad and Kanpur of UP (central India) and Sara Swat of Punjab.  There is no mention of domicile of these Brahmins either in   Ariana (Afghanistan) or in any where outside India./Hindu Kush Mountain.

Analyses On Above>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

I) Invasions from Aryans 

Why Aryan invaders/settlers embraced Buddhism?

Possibilities are as follows:

1)    They might not have a superior civilization.

2)    They had embraced Buddhism and encouraged the society to be governed in Buddhist way in place of Vedic religion. However, these Aryans did not embrace Vedic religion, as Vedic religion, even though a pre-Zorathrustian religion was the prevailing religion of Iran and surrounding areas at that time.

3)    At a later date, during the fall of Buddhism, they were migrated to Vedic religion. Towards this a big Yagna was made at Mount Abu and they were brought under Vedic religion. Their caste was named as “Rajput”, and five clans were established, and they are Pratihar, Chouhan, Solanki/Sisodia, Tomar, and Parmer. Thus a new caste “Rajput” was introduced in Vedic social system. This was done to fight against the next generation invaders from central Asian/Iranian belts, who had got converted in to Islam by that time. Buddhists were non-believers and they were called by Islamic invaders as “Kaffir”, meaning-non believer. So all the non believers (Buddhists) were converted to Islam after their defeat at the hands of Islamic Invaders under Arab Khalifas.

The Rajput before conversion probably found Vedic religion being closer to Buddhist religion (since by that time ritual wise e.g. Tantra, Mantra and Yantra were practiced by Buddhist as well as by Vedic people). Thus they probably chose to embrace Vedic religion, to avoid the conversion into Islam and to fight unitedly against invasion of believers of Islamic faith. However, by that time all the Buddhists people of Present Pakistan and Afghanistan were converted into Muslims, Few Vedic people were left out.

Thus for a period from 558 BC to 1947 AD, Ariana and part of north western Hindustan were ruled partly/fully by Aryans, if we believe Max Mauler. The total number of years ruled by known Aryans is almost 2605 years.

The interesting part is that during this known period of 2605 years; the Indian blood did not get polluted by these Aryans. Prior to that, history is unknown and there could be possibility of pilferation / recording of hypothetical facts by anyone based on assumption or intention that would have found a place in documented history. One such probability could point to Max Mauler theory that Aryans came to India as an invader and settled in India after defeating them. Indian education/history was at very infancy stage during the Christian Aryan rules, and therefore, Indians were easily impressed and got convinced by them, whatever they said.

It is very unfortunate that, we Indians/Hindus are yet to get into the depth of the nemesis of Max Mauler and views other Western Scholars and have widely seem to have accepted it.

Further to this, there is a natural phenomenon and the logic is simple to prove  without going to any historical evidences that Indians are not of Aryan stock explained as under:.

We are experiencing on our day to day life that, usually a handsome boy of elite family do not get married to girl of black complexion of non-elite family.

 However the reverse is traceable in plenty. A boy of non-elite family, when becomes influential/rich/powerful can get a girl in marriage from elite family. We can see this set of example throughout the World.

 If we look back to our Indian history, we find Chandragupta Mourya married to the sister of Greek General Selukas, and his son later on married to the daughter of Selukas. Innumerable historical narrations are available that in ancient period, during a battle, the first target of winning side was looting of beautiful women folk of the defeated side. There are many historical facts are available in Indian history, when Indians expanded their kingdom towards north and north western side.

II) Analysis on Migrations of outsiders

Case I: The Jews had migrated to India during 1^st century AD at Cochin, Kerala; and their religion is known as Judaism. They are living in India for more than 2000 yrs. However, they neither could pollute the blood of Keralites nor they have embraced Islam nor of any Indian religion.

Case II: The Persians/Iranians migrated to India during 5^th century AD, and now they have been spread all over India. They are known as Parsi. Even today they are living in India as a separate community with their religion as Parsi. They have neither converted nor embraced Islam nor any Indian religion, even though they are living more than 1500 years.

These migrated settlers to India also did not pollute the blood of Indians.

When such is the case, is it believable that an Aryan boy, who was very fair and handsome, would marry a dark complexioned Dravidian girl?

 Even today, the discrimination in South Africa between Blacks and Whites are noticeable. The same features are seen in United States of America, the most liberal country in the World.

Further to this, if we look at Indian society, we find a word by name “GOTRAM”. All the people of higher caste will have some Gotra (linage). Gotra is identification, that the person is a descendent of that particular Rishi. Marriage is also prohibited in the same Gotra, as in such case bride and grooms are treated as brother and sister, because they both are the descendent of same person. There are various Gotras available; however pravara or origin is from seven Risis. They are honored as “Saptarshi”.

Now question arises that  are described bellow:

1) If there were Aryan settlements in Hindustan by marriage, then there would be many more Aryans, they must be in more than thousands. Being such a case, where are the descendents of others (Aryan kings and other common Aryans)?

2) These seven Rishis were great sages, and greatest intellectuals of their time. Hence, they would have concentrated on the development of policies for the society and other spiritual activities.

Did they travel all over Hindustan to create their descendents instead of intellectual work and every family offered their womenfolk for this purpose? Is it believable?

With due respect, definitely they were not. We respect them as our greatest intellectuals and who guided the people of Hindustan. Even today we are being guided through their great thoughts. It should be treated as a sin, if we even dream of it.

Under such circumstances, how it is possible?  Do the Gotra system was used for different purpose?

III) Analysis on the locations of the origins of   Intellectual Indians

It is seen that out of five categories of Brahmins (highest category among Indians), three categories were originated in eastern part of India and one at central part while the last one was from Punjab belt of undivided India.

We should remember that the spiritual part of Veda is called as “Sruti” and temporal part of Veda is called as “Smriti”. This is due to the fact that scripts were not invented and Brahmins used to memorize by chanting in a particular way (known as Chandas) through listening to their Gurus, as script was not invented in India because Vedic people were not familiar on scripts. Contrary to this theory, historians have found evidences that Aryans were familiar with the script earlier to the compilation of Vedas. Therefore, if Indians/Bengalis are the off shoots of Aryans, Sruti and Smriti procedure would not be used to remember Vedas,

We should not forget Valmiki of Ramayana is the “Adi Kavi” was from east India. Next Mahabharata compiled by Veda Vaysa and written by Ganesha and both were native Indians belonging to Ganga Yamuna River Valley.

             A classic example of Aryan phobia in India             

Religion of the  Royal family and commoners of  Cooch Bihar : During the British period,  while modern Indian education system was at very infancy stage, the Aryan theory was injected so much to Indian people, that Indian intellectuals actually started believing the British theory, and all higher caste people not only accepted their theory but they become their propaganda officials. It had affected our religious thoughts in such a manner that, all religious leaders believed and accepted that Aryans were the originators of Vedas. However, to prove that Indians were superior to Europeans, many of the Indian thinkers propagated that India was the native land of Aryans and from here only they migrated to other countries. They started calling India as “Aryavarta”. In fact there is no mention of the name “ARYAVARTA” in entire Vedic literatures.

This phobia made Indians to link themselves with Aryan race by hook or by crook. A classic case is the history of Cooch tribe of North eastern part of present India. The ancient Cooch country was consisting of present north Bengal, Northern part of present Bangladesh and western part of present Assam from Guwahati. Their physical characteristics are close to Bengalis, Bhutanese and Nepalese. They look like Mongoloid origin.

During this British period, one of Cooch literator Panchanan Pandit invited Bramhins from Varanasi and other places of India and performed a very big Yagna on the bank of river “Torsa”. At that Yagna the Brahmins declared that Cooch race was of Aryan stock, their society and castes were defined in accordance with Vedic Sastras. From that day the Cooch people stated wearing of Yogna-Upabita, in line with Bramhins. Their Gotra was defined as “Kashyap Gotra”. To concretize their theory, a beautiful story was compiled .According to that story, Coochs are the descendents of King Dasarath, father of Rama of Solar dynasty. They fled from their original inhabitant place to Cooch Bihar in order to escape from the wrath of Lord Parasuram.

 The fact is that, there was no casteism among Cooch prior to that event prior to the introduction of Vedic religion to them. The historical facts says that their earliest known religion is Buddhism and the existence of huge  numbers of Mathas/Vihars in that country, made the Aryans of Islamic faith  to name the place as “Cooch Vihar”.

Their next royal religion was “Saivaism”, during those periods they built a lot of Saiva/Ishwara temples (viz. Baneshwar temple, Jalpeshwar temple etc).

Their next religion was “Saktism”, and became worshipper of Kali/Chandika/Durga etc. During this period, the built lot of Sakti/Kalika temples. The most famous among them was “Kamakhya Temple” of Guwahati of present Assam. This temple was renovated and built by them and priests from Nadia district of West Bengal were brought to administer the temple. They are known as “Parvatia Gosain”. Even today they are the priests of this temple.

In next phase, they embraced Vaishnavism and became devotees of Lord Krishna. During this period they established “Madan Mohon Temple” complex at Cooch Bihar town. Every year the “Raas Mela” in honour of Lord Krishna is being celebrated after Durga Puja or Dushera to commemorate the conversion from Saktism to Vaishnavism is celebrated there for a month.

A very peculiar thing can be observed (Hidden Clue) which is unique to Cooch Bihar. A very large chakra/wheel in the shape of a temple is made, and the opening of the grand festival is to be inaugurated by King by rotating that Chakra in a circular way. Now the district magistrate performs this ceremony in absence of the King. The interesting part is that, this chakra is being made by a Muslim family from the very beginning of ancient time. Though the Cooch people are no longer Buddhists, but they could not leave their glorious days of Buddhism and carrying their old tradition in a different way. The poor peasants of the state embraced Islam from Buddhism; however the kings did not change the carpenter family of that Chakra. The practice is in continuance even today.

The Last three generations were the followers of “Bramha religion”, founded by Maharaja Keshab Chandra Sen, Raja Ram Mohon Roy, Maharshi Devendra Nath Thakur (Father of Rabindra Nath Tagore). The Cooch King embraced Brahma religion after the marriage of Suniti Devi daughter of Maharaja Keshab Chandra Sen and Grand mother of Rajmata Gayatri Devi of Jaipur of Rajasthan. The royal family built a Bramha temple also at Cooch Bihar. However their western way of living and in their long absence at Cooch Bihar could not make the religion as the religion of common people. The present Cooch peoples are part of modern Hinduism with regular caste system

The same can be noticed among Assamese people. A similar thing was done at Rajasthan and whole lot of Rajasthanis was brought under Brahmanism (Vedic) fold from Buddhism.

This is the effect of Aryanization of Indians by intellectual Europeans.

                               Conclusion  

       In such case, will it be fair that Vedic religion was brought by Aryans from outside India through north western frontier of India and Bengalis/Indians are the descendent of those Aryans? 

                        

END

Origin of Bengali Language- some facts

Origin of Bengali Language- some facts 
By Dr.K.K.Debnath (drkkdebnath@gmail.com)

Abstract:

An Analytical study has been made in this article about various Indian languages like Bengali, Hindi, Samaskrita and Urdu.

The study has been carried out based on various hidden information and clues available in Vedic and non Vedic literatures as well the using natural reasoning and logical reasoning from history.

The analysis very clearly shows that the Prakrita languages are original and the languages like Samaskrita, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali, etc are derived one standardized and composed from these localized Prakrita Languages.

The credit for first standard or refined Indian language goes to Samaskrita, next goes to Urdu followed by other languages. However, Samaskrita cannot be credited as mother language of All Indian Languages as publicized among Indians.

1. Popular beliefs and contradiction:

Popularly it is said that Indian (North) Languages were derived from the language Samaskrita, and Samaskrita was the language of Aryans or oldest language of India (Bharat) and it is believed that Samaskrita is the mother of all Indian Vernacular language except four South Indian languages like Telugu, Kannada Tamil and Malayalam.

 Historians have proved now that people of Vedic civilization were not familiar with script. As a result of this, it was not possible to record their civilization in a documented form. Therefore, their victories, adventures, religion and culture were passed on from generation to generation through listening. This was the reason that intellectuals termed Veda as Sruti, i.e. remembrance through listening and chanting. The Smrities are the literatures, which they were able to recollect from their memory. Thus it is very clear that people of the Vedic period and their settlement at North-Western part of India; they were not familiar with Deva-Nagari script.

Beside the above, the styles of writings of Aryans living in central Asia and other Aryan places of Asia are from right to left, whereas the same for the Indian languages are from left to right. Had Samas Krita language is of Aryan origin, it should have style of writing from right to left and words would have been heavily dominated by the words of Aryans of those places which is not the case of any Indian languages.

 This is again a contradiction.

2. Historical information:

2.1 Vernacular language during Pre-Vedic period:

Modern historians opine that politically, socially, religiously and culturally, the civilization at India was in existence long before Aryan invasions (i.e. prior to 1500 BC) or Vedic period.

Sahityacharya Prof. Dinesh Chandra Sen mentioned in his Book "Banga Bhasha and Sahitya" that Bengali script was in existence prior to Vedic period when Dev-Nagari script was not in existence, as per 'Lalita Vishtara’, a book written by Buddhist scholars around 1st century BC.

Also, according to “Lalita Vishtara", Lord Buddha learnt Anga, Banga, Brahmi and Magadhi Languages from his teacher Vishwamitra (p-1, 14, Bangabhasha and Sahitya. by Prof .D.C. Sen).

2.2 Period of Development of Dev nagari Script:

It is also observed by researchers and historians, that during the period of Mahabharata at around 1000 BC, the story of Pandava Ghatha (Later it was expanded and named as Mahabharata) was not recorded when it was narrated to the descendents of Pandava by the descendents of Vyasa (Suka Dev) as the script was not developed at 1000 BC.

It has been opined by Historians that Deva-Nagari script was developed during later or post Vedic period at around 800 BC to 700 BC.

2.3 Period of Development of Urdu language:

Urdu language is popularly known as the language of Muslim people. Even in remote South Indian villages. Native Muslim people are found to use Urdu language in their home, when they speak among themselves. Urdu becomes a national language of Islamic State of Pakistan.

The history is very well known as this process of development of Urdu Language is not that old and full historical details are available to us.

According to Prof. Sherwani "the word Urdu is a kin to the word Ordu in Turkish meaning the Army".

According to Syed Ahmed Khan, Urdu was born in the market places of Shahjahanabad (Delhi) after 1648 AD. Prof. Sherwani also mentioned that Urdu had its embryonic form in the shape of Dakhinis under the rules of Bahamanis. This was between 1347 and 1518 AD much earlier to 1648 AD.

It can be observed that almost 80% words of Urdu are Hindustani and balance 20% are borrowed from Iranian/Arabian Language. The style of speaking is more or less in Hindustani style. The script and style of writing (from right to left) was borrowed from Arabian script and Arabian style of writing. This language became popular among Muslims (native as well as invaders) of India and patronized by Aryan Muslim rulers. Hence it was branded as a Muslim language.

2.4 Back Ground for Standard Languages:

According to some historians, the Indian languages began to develope from the time of Lord Buddha and taken some shape during the period of Mouryas.

We should not forget the fact that during those periods there was no country by name as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar or Assam. These names were introduced at a much later stage. The states were named as Mathura (Surasena), Panchala, Kosala, Sravasti, Malla, Vaishali, Mithila, Dwar-Vanga, Vijji, Magadha, Pundra Vardhana, Karna-Subarna, Samatata, Kamroop etc, during the ancient period.

On the other hand, the southeastern part of present Bengal was termed as Vang-Lang by East Asians countries. (Bangalar Itihas by Dr. R.D. Banerjee) Thus, in Ancient India the area from Dwar-Vanga on the northwestern side and Magadha and Balasore on the west and Arakan, Meghalaya on east might have similar cultures and language and in integrated way termed as Bengal. On a similar terminology, the people of central Asia/Iranians/Aryans of central Asia, used to call the place beyond south of Hindukush mountain as Hindustan and the main river was named by them as river Hindus or Indus. They were not familiar with the people of Ganges valley beyond Hindukush Mountain and Hindu valley, however in broad sense the people beyond south of Hindukush range were used to be called as Hindus and thus the name Hindustan came.

Even though the country was named as Hindustan by outsiders/Aryans, the country was divided into various small Kingdoms. During the Mahabharata period itself we could see Kingdoms like Gandhar, Madra, Bairat, Sindhu, Kasipa, Hastinapura, Indraprastha, Mathura, Panchala, Kasi, Koshal etc, and these Kingdoms were more or less independent.

Since the country Hindustan/Bharat/India by name was not in existence in particular during ancient time, the languages used by the people were also not termed as Hindi language in general and hence sometimes confusion arises. Therefore we could see the difference among Braj Bhasha of Goswami Tulsi das and the Rajasthani Bhasha of Mirabai or Hindi Bhasha of Sant Kabir.

This was due to the fact that the areas of states were not standardized; this was a common feature during those periods.

The languages and literatures were also not standardized, be it Hindi or Bengali or Marathi or Gujarati. These non-standard languages were termed as Prakrita or Apavramsha and were localized. The names of these Prakrita languages were also named after the place from where it was originated. The name Prakrita means natural; an original, hence this Prakrita languages were nothing but the pure natural languages which people used to speak among them for communication. The Standardization of Hindi and other languages actually started from the time of Invaders of Islamic faith, which got matured during English rule in India. Thus, what has been termed as Pali or Apavramsha were in fact the local non-standard language, these are known as Magadhi Prakrita, Gaudiya Prakrita, and Suraseni Prakrita etc. depending on the place of origin of development. This explanation has been felt necessary, as it is necessary to analyze the development of Samaskrita language and Deva-Nagari script and essential to know the relation between Indian language and Samaskrita language.

From the ancient period it could be noticed that, there was continuous invasions carried out by people living at various places outside of Hindustan and were not from the same place. Aryans, from Iran, Russia, Turkemenia and neighboring places etc and Christian Aryans like English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish etc from European countries invaded India. Hence, there was a need for a common Language, particularly for communication.

This necessity probably became the cause for the invention of a standard language due to integration of people having different languages.

3. Hidden Clues from Indian literatures:

It has been opined by Historians and Researchers that there are many hidden clues available in the Indian literatures; which indicates that the native Indians were the inventors and developers of Samaskrita language and Deva-Nagari script. Some of these hidden clues are described below for ready reference:

1. The Title of "Adikavi" of Samaskrita was awarded to Valmiki. Valmiki belonged to hunter (Nishad/Baheliya) community. Later on Vedic literature tried to present him by connecting him as the son of some Aryan Rishi Kanva. The sage Kanva was credited as one of the major composer of the Rig-Vedic verses. During the period of Kanva Vedic, the people/Aryans were not aware of River Ganges and further Eastern areas. Therefore the period of Kanva and the period of Valmiki could not be the same and to assume Valmiki as the son of Kanva is not correct.
2. The credit for compilation of Vedas, Mahabharata and Puranas was   accorded to Vyasa. He was the son of an unwed mother Sathyavati. Sathyavati was a daughter of a fisherman. This fisher woman became the Queen of Hastinapura at a later stage.

The Vedic literatures again tried to connect Vyasa as the son of Rishi Parasara. Rishi Parasara was the son of Suktri and grand son of Brahmarshi Vasishtha. The time Lexicon does not co-relate the time of sage Parasara to the period of Sathyavati.

Vyasa was a very dark complexioned person and was born at Lake Dvaipâyana, as a result of this he was named as "Krishna-Dvaipâyana".

Further, if Vyasa was the son of sage Parasara and Sathyavati, then Vyasa's complexion could not be very dark and feature should not be of demonical type as per hybrid reproduction theory (Because Satyavati, due to her beauty she became the queen of Hastinapura and Parasara, being  a Sage of rare and high quality from noble Aryan race must be fare and handsome person). Also, he was not credited as the writer of Vedas or Puranas or Mahabharata. He was named as the composer or compiler only. This indicates that the script was not developed at that time. This is further crystallized from the story that his descendant/ disciples narrated the story of Pandava Vijaya Ghatha to the descendent of Pandava.

3. The credit for recording of Mahabharata was given to Lord Ganesha, the son of Lord Siva and Parvati, who belonged to Non-Vedic community. Lord Ganesha was a famous intellectual and a Siddha Yogi. As a result he was honored as Siddhi-data Ganesha, but not as a Rishi Ganesha as per Vedic tradition. Siddha was a Title for non-Vedic spiritualistic persons of very high caliber.

Thus the invention and development of Samaskrita both were credited to native people of India.

The above hidden clues are indications of Non-Aryan origin of Samaskrita Language as well as of Deva-Nagari Script.

4. Reasons for Aryan (Outsiders) Brand name for Samaskrita:

Naturally, the question appears in mind of every body that, being such a case, why this language was branded as Aryan Language and script as Deva-Nagari script?

The probable reason could be that the Aryan Kings who might be ruling at the North-Western/Northern part of India; had patronized for the development of this language. Since they were patrons for this development it was patented or branded in the name of that community.

Similar cases could be seen, even in modern times. The highest mountain of the world was discovered by Rakhal Das Bandyopadhyay, but it was named after the Director General of GSL who had patronized this work. His name was Everest and hence the mountain was named as Mount Everest.

5. Reasons for Islamic Brand name for Urdu:

Another classic case is the development of Urdu language. The Aryan rulers from central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Turkemenia, Iran, Ariana etc) of later period were all Muslims by religion. They had patronized the development of this language and it was a national language during their period.

As a result Urdu language became popular among Muslims (native as well as invaders) of India Hence it was branded as a Muslim language.

6. Analysis:

6.1. Extrapolation in backward way: If we extrapolate in a backward direction towards Vedic period, and Juxtapose Urdu and Samaskrita development we could observe a close similarity of development between Urdu and Samaskrita Language with respect to development of language.

The only difference is that when Aryans of Islamic faith invaded India, a language and script was already available with them, whereas, when the pre-historical Aryans invaded India and became the ruler of north western part of India, they were not having any script or any knowledge of writing.

This was the main reason that the style of writing of Samaskrita is made from left to right which is of pure Indian thought and origin. When the Aryan Muslims came to India, they came with Knowledge of writing with a style from right to left and hence adopted both the script and style of their home land.

It is observed that during 6th century BC, the part of North West India was under the rule of Iranian Kings and during the 4th century BC it was ruled by Mouryas of East India. The Mouryas were using a script, called "Khorosthi" at North Western part of India and a script called "Brahmi” at the Eastern parts of India. The style of writing of "Khorosthi” was from right to left, while for "Brahmi",  it was from left to right. Hence if Samaskrita scripts language is of Aryan origin, it should have been from right to left not from left to right.

6.2. Domination of native words:

The words of Samaskrita are found to be heavily dominated by pre-Aryan/ pre-Vedic words and later on new words in modified and refined form were also added to suite the style or pattern of Samaskrita Language. This may be observed from the various verses of Rig-Veda also. Some of them are quoted below for ready reference.

1. Indra killed Vritrasura; Vritra was the king of the area which was South West of Satudri and Vipasa River.
2. Indra killed Sushna and destroyed his cities and looted his wealth.
3. Indra killed Pipru, Kuyub, Pravik, Vyamsa, Kushwa, and Arbud.
4. Indra destroyed 100 cities of Sambar and handed over to Divodas.
5. He killed Garchi, Kheshpal, Anurnabha, Ahisucha, Ataka and Brihadratha.
6. He killed Navavastra, Bramha Kurush, Sruta, Briddha, Arna
7. He killed Twasta and his son Vishwarupa.
8. He killed Devaka, Sambar and Pudhyamedhi.
9. He destroyed cities like Mahabalistan, Naitandhav. Byarn, Namamuni.

All these people, killed by Aryan leader Indra were Non-Aryans. This means that these names were in existence before the Aryan rulings in India. Hence the names which are now found in Samaskrita are actually pre-Aryan pre-Vedic and Pre-Samaskrita names. However, these names are now branded as popular Samaskrita names.

Also, it was stated in Rig-Veda that Indra fought a battle with a Non-Aryan army of 10,000 men on the bank of river Amsumati (presently known as river Yamuna). The leader of this army of 10,000 was a non-Aryan by name Krishna.

In this battle, most probably Indra was defeated and fled, like Mohammed Ghori or Mihir Gula of later period. If Indra was the winner, Krishna would have been killed by Indra and Indra would have been further glorified as a destroyer and killer of Krishna and his ten thousand army men in Rig-Veda as per the style of Rig-Veda.

These incidents points us towards the fact that the word "Krishna" was not an Aryan name but a non-Aryan name and originated from non-Aryan language. There are many words/names like this, which are available in Vedas.

Majority words of Vernacular languages of India thus found their way in Samaskrita may be with ornamentation and it has been shown that majority of Samaskrita words are of non-Aryan origin. Thus in other words it may be inferred that the majority words of vernaculars are in fact of non-Aryan origins.

As mentioned earlier, the language/pronunciations vary from place to place; as a result words also used to get distorted in terms of pronunciation and hence in spelling too, until standardization took place. That might be the reason for Krishna is known as Kanha and Kanai; hasta known as hattha and hath. Exactly, gradually according to the local influences as

Aryan to Airan to Iran; Airan to Airab to Arab; Airab to Airaq to Iraq;

Airab to Airap to Europ to Europe etc.

It is because of these heavily populated non-Aryan words in Samaskrita, it may not be unnatural to assume that it is the mother of all vernacular language, as it was the first standard recognized language of India.

6.2. Meaning of Samaskrita: Another hidden clue is the name of the language itself. Let us look at the word "Samaskrita". The word "Samas" implies to equality and "Krita" implies to done. That is the work was shared equally by Aryans (Outsiders) and Non-Aryans (natives), therefore justice was done by honoring both the groups by naming the language as "Samaskrita". Thus the work was probably initiated and patronized by Aryans of pre historical period where as Research and development work was probably carried out by non-Aryans, as these non-Aryans were already experienced and familiar with the some script. This is probably the main reason that most of the words of Samaskrita are found to be of Non-Aryan origin.

The other meaning of Samaskrita is refined, that is prior to Samaskrita some language in primitive form like ‘Brahmi’ was in existence in India.  Native wise people of the period gradually modified and refined and ornamented it to the present form and it is not a natural language over a long period of time.

6.4. Writing style of Samaskrita:  The style of writing is not in line with central Asian Aryan countries, but it is just opposite. Had it invented by the people of Aryan origin, it would be similar or close to their current style.

6.5. Samaskrita Grammar: Historians also observe that the grammar of Samaskrita language is almost perfect in comparison to any other Language of the world.

However, it is a fact that nothing is found to be perfect in this Universe if it is natural. Even creation is impossible out of pure ‘Satta’, it has to be mixed with ‘Rajas’ and ‘Tamas’ to affect it as stated by Swami Harshananda of Sree Ramakrishna Matha (Mylapore, Chennai) in his book "Hindu Gods and Goddesses". Some flaws and exception always exist in any natural phenomenon or processes. In case of river it flows on its own way, but an artificial river or canal flows in a controlled way as desired by human.

It may be noted that as per Historians Samaskrita script was developed around 800 to 700 BC and the first Samaskrita grammar was written by Nirukta around 700 BC and the final grammar on Samaskrita language was written by Panini around the end of 4th century BC or early 3rd century BC.

7. Observation on Samaskrita language:

The analysis as described at point no 6 indicates that, in all probability the language Samaskrita was developed by some wise men of ancient time. The formula and processes were kept as secret like the formula of an atom bomb. Similar opinion is found in our Puranic stories also (All ancient literatures to be written by Brahmins only, to be recited by Brahmins only, other people should not even touch those holly books to avoid a great sin as per Dharma).

This clearly proves that the language Samaskrita is not an original language, but a laboratory developed artificial language, and could never become a language of masses.

8. Civilization at Eastern part of India- a brief:

It has been proved by modern researchers and Historians that a good civilization was in existence in eastern part of India and in Bengal. Archeologists discovered the sites of copper age civilization in various parts of Bengal and Eastern parts of India. (Pandurajar Dhibi, Mahabalistan, Darjeeling etc.) A good civilization could not be in existence unless there was a good language for communication. However, that language was probably not termed as a Bengali language and it might be varying in pronunciation and accordingly in spelling from place to place in Bengal. This we may refer as a non-standard Bengali Language, Which was commonly termed as Pali or Prakrita or Apavramsha language of Bengal. As already stated earlier, the name "Prakrita" means natural or the language of the common people. On the other hand, "Samaskrita" means refined i.e. Samaskrita language was not a natural language but a refined version of natural language or artificial language. This also indicates that the Samaskrita words and language was found and developed from these Prakrita words and language by refinement and ornamentation.

9. Standardization of Vernacular languages:

Modern Historians opines that there was no influence of outside towards the development of Bengali Literature up to 12 century AD. The literature up to 12 century AD was fully dominated by Bauddha and Natha-literatures.

The outside influence on Bengali language was started only from 12^th century AD during the time of invasion of rulers from the land of Rig-Veda of Islamic faith.

The standardization of Bengali Language actually started from Islamic rules of Bengal when the entire Bengal consisting of Gauda, Karna-Subarna and Pundra Vardhana etc., were united and was brought under the control of Aryan rulers of Islamic faith..

This process of standardization was completed during the period of British rulers of Christian faith. This standard language is termed as the language of Bengal and now is in use in our literature. However the spoken language can be seen varying from place to place. Also it is interesting to note that the Maithili language (language of Dwar Banga) is closer to the standard Bengali language than that of Chattagram and Shillet.

10. Conclusion:

Since Samaskrita was an artificial language, it could never become a language of common people as a natural language and remains under the control of few intellectual wise men. These intellectual and wise people were using this language as a secret weapon and exploited to their own advantages. Exactly the same way the rich and powerful countries of today having nuclear weapon are exploiting other non-nuclear countries for their own advantages and benefits.

Thus looking back at the various Historical/Linguistic points as described, it probably may not be illogical to infer that Samaskrita language was not the language of Aryans. It is a language developed scientifically by Non-Aryan’s wise intellectual men, probably under the patronization of some good Aryan rulers.

Hence it may not be fair to say that Bengali and other vernacular Languages have been originated from Samaskrita Language.

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